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V. Institution
 
  5.4 Sanctions and Punishment  
  Article 145-Accusation  
  Canon 2881  
  An Accusation is a formal complaint or charge of an alleged crime against a member of a particular Religion or Cult, in accordance with its own statutes and rules.  
  Canon 2882  
  In the absence of formal approved rules and procedures of the Religion or Cult that clearly define the alleged offence, an accusation is invalid.  
  Canon 2883  
  In the absence of a formal charge, detailing the alleged crime, including access to the rules and statutes by which such a crime has been issued according to the approved rules and procedures of the Religion or Cult, an accusation is invalid.  
  Canon 2884  
  An Accused must always be afforded the right to a free and fair defense upon the presumption of innocent until proven guilty. Any presumption of guilt or denial of a fair hearing or trial automatically negates the validity of the proceedings and any subsequent adjudication and alleged punishment.  
  Canon 2885  
  A valid Accusation is an accusation that is issued in accordance with these canons and the sacred covenant Pactum De Singularis Caelum. An invalid Accusation is therefore null and void, having no force of law.  
     
     
 
 
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