II.   Mind (PSY)

Communication is the concept or state of exchanging meaningful information between entities. It is also a message and the essential information transferred in the act of communication.

The word communication is derived from the Latin communicatio meaning “imparting”.

As Communication is the concept of exchanging meaningful information, a medium of mutual expression must exist in the form of a common set of signs and semiotic rules of grammar, syntax, semantics and pragmatics:

(i) Grammar is the formal set of rules that

governsthe composition of words, clauses and phrases using signs and symbols;and

(ii) Syntax isthe formal set of properties of signs and symbols as words and how they are used to create a phrase or sentence of meaning; and

(iii) Semantics is the set o frelationships between signs and symbols as words and what they represent; and

(iv) Pragmatics is the set of relationships between signs and symbols as words and those that use them.

Communication via some medium of mutual expression may be defined by three (3) main forms being visual, oral and written or “memorialized”:

(i) Visual communication is the conveyance of ideas and meaningful information through visual representations; and

(ii) Oral communication is the use of the homo sapien voice and other audio and visual elements simultaneously to communicate ideas and meaningful information; and

(iii) Written communication is the conveyance of meaningful information via print or electronic, often as a “memorialization” of previous oral communication.

Oral communication may be distinguished by three (3) main parts being body language, voice tone and word content:

(i) Body language is considered the dominant element (up to 50%) of oral communication as it is commonly believed to provide a validation of the spoken message and indication of incomplete / withheld or misleading information; and

(ii) Voice tone is considered the next most significant element (up to 40%) of oral communication as the human voice transmits not just one (1), but multiple tones, with several vibratory tones indicating the truthfulness of what is being spoken; and

(iii) Word content is considered the least significant of the three (3) main parts of oral communication (less than 10%).

A valid written or memorialized formal Communication having recognition in law always involves a minimum of six (6) elements: a sender, a message, a medium, a recipient and at least two (2) independent witnesses:

(i) The sender is the one who sends the communication; and

(ii) The message is the document or other form to be delivered to the recipient; and

(iii) The medium is the form in which the message is transmitted such as electronically, via email, or printed via post or hand delivered as examples; and

(iv) The recipient is the receiver of the message; and

(v) The first witness historically is to vouch for the sender and conveyance of the message such as a courier, or postman; and

(vi) The second witness historically is to vouch for the receipt and delivery of the message such as an agent or registration through the post.

An informal Communication does not require the existence of witnesses. However, for an informal communication to have recognition in law, it must be transformed to being formally validated by all parties in a proceeding of law.

A valid written or memorialized Communication is separate to the concept of a valid notice as a valid communication does not pertain to the validity of the content, only that the message was sent and delivered.

The most valid form of communication in law is oral communication.