III.   Biological Systems (PSYBIO)

A Neurological System (NEURO) or “Neural System” is a self contained system centered on a form of brain connected to its own types and network of neurons, neuroglia and associated support cells connecting to other cell colonies throughout a body, including other neural networks.

A Neurological System (NEURO) or “Neural System” can be distinguished from a subsystem of another neural system by a series of clear signs:

(i) A distinct neural network has predominantly its own types of neurons, reflecting not only the evolution with neural networks but the evolution of different model of cognitive process within brains; and

(ii) A distinct colony of neurons being a distinct brain, distinguished from other neural matter by the high density of different neurons and its enfolding structure; and

(iii) Its own neural pathways, distinguished and distinct from other neural pathways of neural networks with clear evidence of autonomous function; and

(iv) Its own distinct nutrient delivery system and separate waste disposal system; and

(v) Its own specialty and functions as distinct from any other existing neural network, with the encoding of this information through computational language in the use of RNA and DNA distinct from other existing neural networks.

There are only three (3) possible types of Neural Systems and only Level V Life forms (Self-aware vertebrate life) possess all three (3) systems being CYTO Neural System, the ORGO Neural System and the COGNO Neural System:

(i) The CYTO Neural System, also known as the “enteric nervous system (ENS)” is the oldest of the three (3) neural systems of a complex species representing the primary neural network embedded within the intestines and colon; and

(ii) The ORGO Neural System, also known as the “autonomic nervous system (ANS)” is the second oldest of the three (3) neural systems of a complex species representing the second neural network controlling the specialized cellular colonies (organs) of the body including circulatory (blood) system, sensory organs, cerebellum, glands and hormones; and

(iii) The COGNO Neural System, also known as the “somatic nervous system (SoNS)” is the youngest of the three (3) neural systems of a complex species representing the third and final neural network controlling the cortex, all voluntary muscle movements and key neural glands such as the hypothalamus and pineal glands.

The number of neurons in each brain of each Neural System differs dramatically, especially in the example of the Homo Sapien species:

(i) The brain of the CYTO Neural System being the Large Intestine and Small Intestine, possesses approximately one hundred twenty (120) million neurons collected into two (2) main types of multipolar neurons:

(1) fourty (40) million Myenteric plexuses located between the inner and outer layers of the muscularis externa; and

(2) eighty (80) million Submucosal plexuses located in the submucosa of the intestinal wall; and

(ii) The brain of the ORGO Neural System being the Cerebellum and Brain Stem, possesses approximately eighty (80) billion neurons of which:

(1) sixty (60) billion multipolar granule neurons; and

(2) twenty (20) billion are mainly ultrapolar Purkinje neurons supported by the granule neurons; and

(iii) The brain of the COGNO Neural System being the Cerebrum, possesses approximately sixty (60) billion neurons of which:

(1) thirty six (36) billion are neuroglia; and

(2) twelve (12) billion are multipolar neurons, supported by neuroglia; and

(3) less than two (2) billion are ultrapolar neurons found mainly around the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and amygdale.

Both the ORGO Neural System and the COGNO Neural System are based on key elements of the CYTO system, especially the model that the neural system not only processes nutrients by its design, but must dispose of them via a unique tube waste disposal system:

(i) The ORGO System mimics the CYTO digestive elements through the use of a unique distribution of cerebrospinal molecules from the Cerebellum down through the obex at the fourth ventricle at the top of the spinal column down the Central Canal of the Spinal Column; and

(ii) The COGNO system mimics the CYTO digestive elements through the lymphatic system through all voluntary neural elements down to the lymph nodes lining of colon (Large intestine) via ducts directly into the submucosa of the colon wall.