III.   Biological Systems (PSYBIO)

Vision, also known as “sight” is the ability to sense images and environment using changes in (pressure) density and reflection of ultraviolet light (visible light) and / or infrared light (heat).

As changes in the density (pressure) and reflection of visible light and heat represents potentially extreme environments, the onset of the daily cycle of potential predators and the location of potential food or similar members of the species, all independently mobile simple Level III life forms and above can sense or “see” using light and heat using:

(i) sensory neurons on their outer layers as well as;

(ii) specialized visual sensory devices call “eyes” for Level IV life forms and above.

An eye is a sensory organ designed to detect light and or heat (infrared light) spectrum and convert it to electrochemical messages to neurons within a brain. There are principally two (2) broad types of eyes which are compound and lens:

(i) Compound eyes are the oldest form of eyes and are based on a model of potentially many thousands of individual photoreceptors possessing simplistic focus capabilities with each pointing in a different direction forming a grid; and

(ii) Lens eyes are based on a model of an organic lens assembly capable of some unique range of focus that captures the information “as a whole” via highly sensitive photoreceptors that then convert the information into electrical impulses to visual neurons.

Vision is a sense developed by Level IV - Complex Life forms as part of the ORGO Neural System. All Level V life forms therefore possess two (2) vision systems which are eyes "plain sight" and "inner sight" and are the left and right hemisphere of the thalamus and the pineal gland.

The original "inner sight" system of the thalamus and pineal gland is derived from the insect model of Level IV life. However, only the pineal gland retains any photoreceptors and hence is called the "third eye" rather than the left and right thalamus are corrected and regarded as the "inner sight" (left and right).

As vision only provides a sample of actual external light data, the COGNO neural system "smooths" out rough samples in sight data that produces a range of natural anomalies often called the Gestalt laws:

(i) The mind groups similar elements into collective entities or totalities. This similarity might depend on relationships of form, color, size, or brightness; and

(ii) Spatial or temporal proximity of elements may induce the mind to perceive a collective or totality; and

(iii) Symmetrical images are perceived collectively, even in spite of distance; and

(iv) The mind continues and completes visual patterns; and

(iv) Elements with the same moving direction are perceived as a collective or unit; hence, the "moving pictures" effect of still frames such as TV or Cinema.