VI.   Argument

A System is a set of interdependent and specialized objects or concepts that can be defined within some boundary as forming a unity, also known as an “integrated whole”.

All Systems share the same elements, being:

(i) Rules of Classification and Behaviour by which the System itself and its function may be defined; and

(ii) A Boundary or Limit which defines those objects or concepts within the System and those excluded from it; and

(iii) Structure by which the objects or concepts exist and conform within the System; and

(iv) Relationships between the various objects and concepts; and

(v) Dynamic Behaviour and Interactivity between the various objects and concepts; and

(vi) Purpose for which the System primarily exists.

All forms of valid Argument are derived from valid Systems of Argument.

All valid Systems of Argument may be divided into either Bi-Valent or Multi-Valent Systems determined by the outputs of any given argument. Bi-Valent Systems such as Logic produce just two choices being an “A or B” outcome. Multi-Valent Systems such as most forms of Natural Systems produce more than two choices such as an “A and/or B to some degree” outcome.

All valid Systems of Argument may be defined by their influence on the Conclusion of any Propositions as either Passive or Active. Passive Systems of Argument seek to remove deliberate bias to enable the most objective Conclusions from given inputs. Active Systems of Argument seek to impose certain bias to ensure the desired Conclusion is achieved.