II.   Sovereign

A Coin is an impressed metallic object, usually in the form of a disk, created through some formal ritual involving one (1) or more official stampings in order to create some legal form of currency.

The term Coin comes from ancient Holly Irish cuin meaning “a metallic object representing a cornerstone of value; a metallic token of memorial, commemoration, remembrance, keepsake or souvenir issued under the authority and seals of the Cuilliaéan (Holly)”. The word is derived from cu being short for Cuilliaéan and in meaning “the”. Hence, cuin still means “cornerstone” and “keystone” even though it is deliberately spelled as “quoin”.

The greatest metalworkers and goldsmiths of the ancient world were without question the ancient Irish and Celts who demonstrated unparalleled skill and precision above other cultures. Such work was done in honor of the god Luci (pronounced ‘lucky’), the patron of skills, gifts and craftsman who celebrated his feast day upon the full moon (mid or "ides") of August.

The term furnace as the specific focus of metal work for coins and intricate design originates from the Holly Irish term fùirneis from fùir meaning "to fire, bake" neis meaning "this hour/moment".

The term cast to describe the first lead moulding used to create the first coin and then the final iron moulding originates from the Holly Irish term cast meaning “fire, forge”.

The term di(e) to describe the smooth blank circular disks used to create each side of the coin originates from the Holly Irish term dios meaning “dish or disk”.

The term prime to describe the first coin created using lead mouldings and then refined in order to be used to create iron mouldings originates from the Holly Irish term prìom meaning “first (coin), chief”

The term treasure to describe the sacred material used to create a valid cuin (coin) originates from the Holly Irish term tréasuire with tré meaning "three (3) (gold) scrupals" and asuire meaning "is guaranteed, promised".

The term mint to describe the entire coin creation process originates from the Holly Irish term mìntè with mìn meaning "smooth, soften, fashion" and tè meaning "one having spiritual life, or presence".

The process of minting a valid Coin was very specific to ensure its correct weight and integrity using three (3) scrupals in the manufacture of a standard valid Coin, with two (2) flattened and then each minted over a cast, while the third became the outer edge, binding the two (2) sides to prevent clipping.

The phrase treall de pioc originates from the Holly Irish term and refers to the sending of samples of coin to Tará for appraisal to ensure they conform to standard weight. The word treall means tre meaning “pass over, through” all meaning “highest noble, excellency, fame, source of stream” and pioc meaning “pick, sample”. The phrase was later corrupted into “trial of the pyx”.

The standards first established under the Cuilliaéan (Holly) for valid coin were continued in the tradition of the Hellenic Empire under Alexander as well as the highest value Gold Coin minted under the Roman Empire, then the Anglo - Saxon (Frankish) Empire whereby a standard gold coin of three (3) scrupals (1 scrupal = 1.44 grams) was equal to 4.32 grams.

In contrast to the international currency standards first formed by the Cuilliaéan (Holly), a number of trading cities adopted less standard forms of money in order to gain advantage either through clipping, the ancient form of “fractionalizing” or counterfeit material (gold-plating and mixing such as the electrum of the city of Lydia).

The most famous ancient counterfeit currency was the Lydia lion produced around the 7th Century BCE through a single strike using electrum material of gold and silver, in an attempt to cheat other traders using real pure gold.

Objects that do not conform to the standards first established by the Holly for what constitutes being a coin can never be known as coin, but merely tokens, medallions and other forms of counterfeit material claimed as currency.

In accordance with all powers, provenance and authority of the Cuilliaéan (Holly) having been vested to the most sacred covenant Pactum de Singularis Caelum, only those objected minted in accordance with these Canons may be lawfully and legally be regarded as coin.

All metallic objects not granted recognition and authority in accordance with these Canons to be known as coin are therefore counterfeit, false and not permitted to be known as valid coin.